Virtualbox | Nicolas的博客

We normally use VirtualBox to create virtual machine. You may also need install the corresponding extension pack to enable functionality like clipbord synchronzation, usb mount, etc.

CLI for managing the virtual machine

# set environment so that the VBox command can be found easily
set PATH="C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox";%PATH%

# create a virtual machine and registe it into VBoxManage
VBoxManage createvm --name "VMName" --ostype Ubuntu --register

# you can also create a virtual machine with GUI and following command to registe it
VBoxManage registervm "C:\path\to\your\virtual\machine\VMName.xml"

# then the machine can be list here
VBoxManage list vms

# finally start the VM headlessly
VBoxManage startvm VMName --type headless

Tips

Support Windows symlinks inside shared directory under Linux guest machine VBoxManage.exe setextradata VMName 'VBoxInternal2/SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate/<shared_volumn_name>' 1

Setup the virtual remote desktop

  # set default RDP auth type with username/password
  VBoxManage setproperty vrdeauthlibrary "VBoxAuthSimple"
  # enable RDP and set the port
  VBoxManage modifyvm "VMNAME" --vrde on
  VBoxManage modifyvm "VMNAME" --vrdeport 5010
  # make RDP require authentication
  VBoxManage modifyvm "VMNAME" --vrdeauthtype external
  # hash your password for later use
  VBoxManage internalcommands passwordhash "<password>"
  # replace <hash> with the previous output
  VBoxManage setextradata "VMNAME" "VBoxAuthSimple/users/<user>" <hash>

Use Windows buildin RDP client mstsc.exe to log on the remote virtual machine. The third number of option winposstr in rdp configure file can be used to control the startup location of the window, quite useful when you have dual monitor. BTW, if you connect to a windows client with RDP on a windows host, buttons Ctrl+Alt+End can be used instead of Ctrl+Alt+Del inside the remote desktop.
```
screen mode id:i:2 # 2 for fullscreen
winposstr:s:0,1,1920,0,3480,1200 # last 4 digits for x,y position for the window
```

Another option: VNC inside the Ubuntu guest The Windows RDP have some problem with clipboard synchronization, replace it with a VNC server like tigervnc inside the guest OS.

  sudo tar xzf tigervnc-1.10.1.x86_64.tar.gz --strip 1 -C /

  cat > /lib/systemd/system/vncserver.service <<EOF
  [Unit]
  Description=VNC Server
  After=network.target

  [Service]
  User=nick
  Group=nick
  ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver :0 -depth 24 -geometry 1920x1200 -dpi 120 -fg
  ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :0

  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target
  EOF

  sudo systemctl enable vncserver.service
  sudo systemctl start vncserver.service

Fix clipboard between VM and windows

  # inside VM setup a server to listen to tcp port
  ncat --sh-exec "DISPLAY=:0 xclip -selection clipboard" --listen 8111 --keep-open

  # on the windows client send clipboard to tcp port with powershell
  powershell -command '
      $socket = new-object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient("IP.YOUR.REMOTE.VM", 8111);
      $stream = $socket.GetStream(); 
      $weriter = new-object System.IO.StreamWriter $stream;
      foreach($l in Get-Clipboard){$writer.WriteLine($l);}
      $writeer.Flush();
      $writer.Close(); $stream.Close(); $socket.Close();'

# Or use following alias if using Cygwin
if [ "${PALTFORM:0:6}" = "CYGWIN" ]; then
  alias copy2vbox="powershell -command Get-Clipboard |ssh -T vbox 'DISPLAY=:0 xclip -selection clipboard'"
fi

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