OpenSSH for Windows

Refer to this post for enable OpenSSH server on Windows.

# Find the Optional Features 
Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH*'

# Install the OpenSSH Server
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0

# Start the sshd service
Start-Service sshd

# OPTIONAL but recommended:
Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'

# Confirm the Firewall rule is configured. It should be created automatically by setup. Run the following to verify
if (!(Get-NetFirewallRule -Name "OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object Name, Enabled)) {
    Write-Output "Firewall Rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' does not exist, creating it..."
    New-NetFirewallRule -Name 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22
} else {
    Write-Output "Firewall rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' has been created and exists."
}

# Set the default launched shell as PowerShell in Windows registry
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\OpenSSH" -Name DefaultShell -Value "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -PropertyType String -Force`

Try login with like ssh tunnel\\administrator@127.0.0.1. The public key should be appended into C:\ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys, see details here.

Visual Studio

• Shortcuts & Options

  Key	Usage
  Ctrl+,	smart search
  F12	go to definition
  Shift+F12	find all reference
  Window->Reset Window Layout	mess-upped windows

• Disable the MFC dll symbol loading when debugging: Debug->Options=>Debugging->Symbols

• Remove the debugger symbol file named *.pdb, usually in the same folder with binary to be debugged, to avoid error The source file is different from when the module was build.

• Remove the folder .vs beside the solution file *.sln to fix Visual Studio introduced error, like IntelliSense not finding some file.

• Watch an array with the start pointer p followed by the number of elements, e.g. p,10 to view {p[0],p[1],...,p[9]}

• The Immediate Window can be used to inspect some values in debug mode. With the powerful AutoHotKey script as following, one can inspect an array.

    #z:: ; press Win+Z to run this script
    Loop, 16
        {
            Send array[%A_Index%-1]{enter}
            Sleep, 100
        }
    return
  

• Using Snippet Designer to quickly insert code. At first search and install it in Tool => Extensions and Updates, then right click on any code piece to Export as Snippet. Or View => Other Windows => Snippet Explorer to view/modify existing snippets. The snippet will be transformed into XML which saved under like C:\Users\${UserName}\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Code Snippets\Visual C++\My Code Snippets.

Visual Studio Code

• Note: Press Ctrl+, to open VS settings and then search term eol, change the default end of line to \n(LF) to be consistent with Linux system.

• CMD+K+CMD+0/1/2/3 to fold and CMD+K+CMD+J to unfold. Useful in markdown; CMD under windows should be Ctrl.

Powershell

Introduction

Powershell is the next generation of command line interface for Windows and Linux/Unix system. The biggest difference between Powershell and normal shell is that it pass objects instead of pure text information when piping. Powershell is a cross-platform language, and it has build-in .Net object system.

See following short script as an example to peek the super power of Powershell, it is used to convert all slides under a directory into bunch of PNG files. Try save it as convert-PPT2PNGs.ps1 and run.

Function Convert-pptx2pngs{
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param($File, $OutputFile)

    Add-Type -AssemblyName office -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    # Add-Type -AssemblyName microsoft.office.interop.powerpoint -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    $ppt = New-Object -com powerpoint.application
    # $ppt.Visible = [Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState]::msoFalse

    $opt = [Microsoft.Office.Interop.PowerPoint.PpSaveAsFileType]::ppSaveAsPNG
    $pres = $ppt.Presentations.Open($File)
    $pres.SaveAs($OutputFolder+'.pngs', $opt)

    $pres.Close()
    $ppt.Quit()
    $ppt=$null
}

$Folder = "C:\Users\nick\Documents"
Foreach($File in $(Get-ChildItem $Folder -Recurse -Include *.ppt,*pptx)){
    $OutputFolder = $File.FullName.TrimEnd('.pptx').TrimEnd('.ppt')
    if (Test-Path -Path $OutputFolder) {
        $OutputFolder = $OutputFolder + '_2'
    }

    Write-Output ("Converting " + $File.FullName + " To " + $OutputFolder)
    # $Folder = New-Item -Path $OutputFolder -ItemType Directory
    Convert-pptx2pngs -File $File -OutputFile $OutputFolder
}

Powershell Tips

Examples

> $env:GOPATH = 'C:\go' # set envionment variable

Error message “running scripts is disabled”

Enable ability to execute .ps1 scripts in powershell with command Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope CurrentUser Unrestricted.

Install powershell in Ubuntu

To be noticed, the command named as pwsh in Ubuntu.

# download and import the public key
curl -k https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -

# import the source list 
curl -k https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft.list
# if apt is using a Proxy, need to change the source from `https` to `http` or error might happen

# finally update and install
sudo apt update && sudo apt install powershell

WSL2

Installation

1. Search Turn Windows features on or off(just type to search after hit Win) and then check the term Windows Subsystem for Linux(system reboot may needed).

2. Install the Linux subsystem which ever you like with wsl.exe --install -d <Distribution Name>. Or import a Linux filesystem with LxRunOffline

• First extract the tar file install.tar from like the offcial *Ubuntu18.04onWindows*.Appx file (open with Winzip)
• Type command X:\path\to\LxRunOffline.exe install -n ANY_NAME_like_ubuntu -d C:\path\to\where\your\want\to\store\ubuntu\ -f C:\path\to\the\install.tar -s in Powershell with administrator permission to install the distribution.

1. In CMD or PowerShell just type in wsl will enter the bash. Or run command X:\path\to\LxRunOffline.exe run -w -n "ubuntu" if manually imported(or click the shortcut on Desktop, created by option -s when importing.)

Tips

• The C: drive will be automatically mount under /mnt.

• Use command like echo "copy to Win10 clipboard" | clip.exe and powershell.exe -command "Get-Clipboard" | tee save/to/WSL/file to synchronize clipboard.

List all dynamic link libraries

Windows do not have the ability to list all dependend dll files of one excutable file like ldd command on Linux. One similar utility is dumpbin under Microsoft Visual Studio developer command prompt. One can use following python3 script to list the dependencied recursively.

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess
import os
import logging


def ldd_one(path: str):
    res = subprocess.run(["dumpbin", "/dependents", path], capture_output=True)

    if res.returncode!=0:
        return []

    deps = []
    start = False
    for l in res.stdout.split(b'\r\n'):
        if l.strip()==b'':
            continue

        if start==False and l.find(b'Image has the following dependencies')>=0:
            start = True
            continue

        if l.find(b'Summary')>=0:
            break

        p = l.strip().decode()
        if os.path.exists(p):
            deps.append(p)

    return deps

def main():
    all_deps = ["start.exe"]
    n_deps = 0

    while True:
        new_deps = {}
        for i in all_deps[n_deps:]:
            new_deps = {*new_deps, *ldd_one(i)}

        new_deps = new_deps-set(all_deps)
        logging.debug(new_deps)
        if len(new_deps)==0:
            break

        n_deps = len(all_deps)
        all_deps.extend(new_deps)

    for i in all_deps:
        print(f"'{i}'")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Useful Software

• cmder
  • Import this configure file
  • Then Win+Alt+L can be used to move the Cmder to next monitor.

• Multi-tab File Explorer enhancement QTTabBar or this forked version

• tigervnc
  • Press F8(default) to get the viewer options window, which contains exit fullscreen choice.
  • Start and stop the vncserver under Linux system with vncserver -geometry 1920x1200 :${DISPLAY_ID-1} and vncserver -kill :${DISPLAY_ID-1}
  • Create a shortcut with target like D:\path\to\vncviewer-1.12.0.exe --PasswordFile=X:\.vnc\passwd 192.168.1.8::5901 for access desktop instance without input password. The passwd file is generated in Linux and maybe mapped to driver X: from samba service.
• NoMachine for remote desktop
  • Share the ssh public key for no-password login ln -s $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys ~/.nx/config/authorized.crt

• Snipaste for screenshot

• WinDirStat like ncdu in Linux for Disk usage analysis

• AutoHotkey for automation on Windows

• MSYS2 based on Cygwin for building native Windows software. Command pacman -Sy to refresh package repo and pacman -S ncdu to install new softwares.

Reference

• 如何在Windows系统的ECS实例内设置音频？